Insettostecco.it - Riferimenti

Si ringraziano:

Nicolò Minerbi www.nicolominerbi.it, Angelo Recco e M. Di Nicola per le fotografie.
Gino Pillon gino.pillon@email.it per il logo.
Giuseppe Camerini, per la pazienza e la disponibilità.
I professori Riccardo Groppali e Valerio Scali per i preziosi consigli.
L’orto botanico di Pavia e il sig. Bruno per l’assistenza.
Il dipartimento di ecologia del territorio dell’università di Pavia e la biblioteca per la collaborazione.
La biblioteca del Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano per il supporto.

Per informazioni, consigli, suggerimenti, commenti, proposte di schede di allevamento, richiesta di materiali, esuberi di insetti (sia uova che neanidi) contattate pure il nostro staff: info@insettostecco.it

Per la compilazione del sito ci si è affidati, oltre che a esperienze personali alle seguenti opere, che segnaliamo per favorire eventuali approfondimenti. Tali pubblicazioni sono presenti nella nostra biblioteca e sono a disposizione di chi ne facesse richiesta. Il nostro staff è a disposizione per la ricerca di articoli o il reperimento di testi, sono, infine, ben accette segnalazioni e donazioni.

Gli articoli sono stati suddivisi secondo le pagine di riferimento, per ciascuna pagina sono presenti articoli non direttamente citati nel testo ma utilizzati per la compilazione dello stesso.
Sono stati inoltre già posti in bibliografia alcuni articoli, sempre divisi per argomento, riferiti a pagine assenti dal sito ma in fase di studio o costruzione.

ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALE E TASSONOMIA

Blaney W.M. (1976) “How insects live” Elsevier Phaidon, Oxford.
Bonhag P.F. – Wick J.R. (1953) “The functional anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems of the milkweed bug(Oncopeltus fasciatus)” Journal of Morphology, 93, pag. 177-283.
Buchsbaum Ralph (1960) “Animal without backbones” Vol. II, Pelican Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middleesex.
Chopard Lucien (1938) “La biologie des orthoptères” Paul Lechevalier Editeur, Parigi.
Cohen E. (1991) “Chitin biochemistry” In: Physiology of the insect epidermis (a cura di K. Binnington e A. Retnakaran), pag. 94-112. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne.
Cornwell P.B. (1968) “The cockroach” Hutchinson, Londra.
CSIRO (1970) “The insects of Australia” Prima edizione, Melbourne University Press, Carlton.
CSIRO (1991) “The insects of Australia” Seconda edizione, Melbourne University Press, Carlton.
Dalla Montà Laura – Pellizzari Giuseppina (1988) “Insetti degli ambienti naturali e agrari” Edizioni Paoline, Milano.
Dorit Robert L. – Walker Warren F. – Barnes Robert D. (1997) “Zoologia” Zanichelli Bologna.
Dow J.A.T. (1986) “Insect midgut function” Advances in insect physiology, 19, pag. 187-328.
Emery Carlo (1940) “Compendio di Zoologia” L. Cappelli Editore, Bologna.
Gullan Penny J. – Cranston Peter S. (2006) “Lineamenti di entomologia” Zanichelli, Bologna.
Horridge G.A. (1965) “Arthropoda: general anatomy” In: Structure and function in the nervous system of invertebrates, Vol II (a cura di T.H. Bullock e G.A. Horridge), pag. 801-964, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco CA.
Imms A.D. (1913) “Contributions to a knowledge of the structure and biology of some Indian insects.” Vol. II, On Embia major. Sp. nov. from the Himalayas. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 11, pag. 167-195.
Pough Harvey F. – Janis Cristine M. – Heiser John B. (2001) “Zoologia dei vertebrati” Casa Editrice Ambrosiana Milano.
Ritchie James (1953) “Thomson’s outline of zoology” Oxford University Press, Londra.
Snodgrass R.E. (1935) “Principles of Insect Morphology” Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
Tadini Giovanni (1945) “Il mondo animale” La Prora, Milano.
Villiers André (1979) “Initiation a l’entomologie” Boubée, Parigi.
Zaffagnini Fulvio – Sabelli Bruno (1977) “Atlante di morfologia degli invertebrati” Piccin Editore, Padova.
Zunino Mario – Zullini Aldo (2004) “Biogeografia” Casa Editrice Ambrosiana Milano.

PHASMATODEA

ALLEVAMENTO

Alderton D. (1992) “A step by step book about stick insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Alderton D. (1999) “Your first stick insect.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Baxter R.N. (2002) “Rearing stick and leaf insects.” Chudleigh Publishing, Ilford Essex.
Brock P.D. (1985) “The Phasmid rearer’s handbook.” The amateur entomologist (20).
Brock P.D. (1999) “The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects.” The amateur entomologist (26).
Brock P.D. (2000) “A complete guide to breeding stick and leaf insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Byron M.S. (1998) “How to keep stick insects.” Fitzgerald Publishing London.
Clarke D. (2000) “Keeping creepy crawlies.” Harper Collins Publisher London.
Lelong P. (1991) “Une cage pour l’élevage des phasmes européens.” Le Monde Des Phasmes 14: 08-13.
Mauro I. (2006) “Fasmidi, guida completa all’allevamento.” Edizioni Wild Milano.
McMonigle O. – Clausen P. (2002) “Ghosts of the trees.” Elytra&Antenna.
Rastel D. (1994) “Une approche personnelle de la simplification des conditions d’élevage des phasmes.” Le Monde Des Phasmes 27-28: 10-13.
Riboni M. – Rocca G. (2005) “Animali insoliti da compagnia.” Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 ORE Edagricole S.r.l. Bologna.
Salemi M. – Tomasinelli F. (2006) “Le mantidi religiose e gli insettistecco.” De Vecchi Editore, Milano.
Zompro O. (1996) “Zum Sammeln, Transport, Konservieren und Züchten von Phasmiden. ” Entomologische Zeitschrift 106(5): 194-202.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

Carlberg U. (1985) “Bibliography of Phasmida II (1960-69)” Beitr. Ent. Berlin 35: 3-12.
Carlberg U. (1986) “Bibliography of Phasmida III (1950-59)” Beitr. Ent. Berlin 36: 255-260.
Carlberg U. (1987) “Bibliography of Phasmida IV (1940-49)” Beitr. Ent. Berlin 37: 197-202.
Carlberg U. (1994) “Bibliography of Phasmida VIII. Supplement I (1930-84)” Beitr. Ent. Berlin 44: 243-250.

DANNI ALLE COLTURE

Adler V.E. – Uebel E.C. (1984) “Antifeedant bioassays of neem extract against the Carolina grasshopper, walking stick and cricket.” J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part A 194 (4): 393-403.
Dolphin R.E. – Mouzin T.E. – Cleveland M.L. (1972) “Insects associated with peach wood in eastern United States.” Can. Ent. 104: 1593-1608.
Holopainen J.K. – Kainulainen E. – Hanninen O. (1991) “Palatability of herbicide-treated maize to the Indian stick insect (Carausius morosus).” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 36(3-4): 191-197.
Kulman H.M. (1971) “Effects of insect defoliation on growth and mortality of trees.” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 16: 289-324.
Mariau D. (2001) “The fauna of oil palm and coconut.” pp. 184-185 CIRAD Montpellier.
Preston-Mafham Ken (2000) “Grasshoppers and mantids of the world” Blandford London.
Rapp G. (1995) “Eggs of the stick insect Graffea crouanii. Mortality after exposure to natural enemies and high temperature.” J. Appl. Entomol. 119(2): 89-91.
Stark R.W. – Graham K. – Wood D.L. (1975) “Manual of forest insect and damage.” O.S.U. Book Stores Inc. Corvallis Oregon.
Stelzer M.J. (1970) “Preliminary studies on the control of the Coconut stick insect, Graeffea crouani, with systemic insecticides.” Bull. Ent. Res. 60: 49-51.

DIFESA E PREDAZIONE

Bart A. (1971) “Modalités de formation et de développement d’un centre morphogénétique surnuméraire chez Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 168: 97-124.
Bart A. (1971) “Morphogenèse surnuméraire au niveau da la patte du phasme Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 166: 331-364.
Bart A. (1972) “Morphogenèse provoquée par une discontinuité proximo-distale au niveau de la patte de Carausius morosus Br. I. Associations de niveaux différenciés.” Arch. Biol.83: 129-166.
Bedford G.O. – Chinnick L.J. (1966) “Conspicuous displays in two species of Australian stick insects.” Anim. Behav. 14: 518-521.
Bedford G.O. (1978) “Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea.” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 23: 125-149.
Berthold G. – Bückmann D. (1975) “Morphologischer Farbwechsel und kynurensaure-exkretion bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. 100(4): 347-350.
Berthold G. – Seifert G. (1977) “Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Wanderung der Pigment-Granula beim physiologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Ent. Germ. 3(4): 303-315.
Berthold G. (1973) “Der Einfluss der Corpora allata auf die Pigmentierung von Carausius morosus.” Wilhelm Roux Archiv. 173: 249-262.
Bouchard – Hsiung – Yaylayan (1997) “Chemical analysis of defence secretions of Sipyloidea sipylus and their potential use as repellents against rats.” J. Chem. Ecol. 23(8): 2049-2057.
Bückmann D. – Dustmann J.H. (1962) “Biochemische Untersuchungen über den morphologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” Naturwissenschaften 49: 379.
Bückmann D. (1977) “Morphological colour change: stage independent optically induced ommochrome synthesis in larvae of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. A. 115(2): 185-193.
Carlberg U. (1980) “Defensive behaviour in adult female of Extatosoma tiaratum.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 116(1392-1395): 133-138.
Chopard L. (1938) “La Biologie des Orthoptères” Paul Lechevalier éditeur 1938 Parigi.
Chow Y.S. – Lin Y.M. (1986) “Actidine, a defensive secretion of stick insect, Megacrania alpheus.” J. Entomol. Sci. 21 (2): 97-101.
Clark J.T. (1973) “Some further notes on MacLeay’s spectre.” School Sci. Rev. 55: 522-523.
Clark J.T. (1974) “Stick and leaf insects.” B. Shurlock&co. Winchester.
Demart-Lachaise F. – Raabe M. (1974) “Mise en évidence d’une microsporidie entraînant des modifications des protéines sériques chez le Phasme, Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 278(19): 2465-2468.
Dobkiewicz L. (1912) “Einfluss der äußeren Umgebung auf die Färbung der indischen Stabheuschrecken Dixippus morosus.” Biol. Zentralbl. 32: 661-663.
Dumortier B. – Vincent F. (1967) “Observations sur l’émission de son chez un Phasme du Congo, Palophus centaurus.” Annls Soc. Ent. Fr. N.S. 3: 967-975.
Dustmann J.H. (1964) “Die Redoxpigmente von Carausius morosus und ihre Bedeutung für den morphologischen Farbwechsel.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 49: 28-57.
Edmunds M. (1976) “The defensive behaviour of Ghanian praying mantids with a discussion of territoriality.” J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 58: 1-37.
Fournier B. (1973) “Contribution a l’étude quantitative de la regeneration des pattes chez l’embryon du phasme Carausius morosus.“ Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 114(4): 627-652.
Giersberg H. (1928) “Über den morphologischen und physiologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Z. Vergl. Physiol. 7: 657-695.
Henry G.M. (1924) “Stridulation in the leaf insect Spolia Zeylan.” 12: 217-219.
Ho H.Y. – Chow Y.S. (1993) “Chemical identification of defensive secretion of stick insect, Megacrania tsudai.” J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 39-46.
Hsiung C.C. (1985) “Behavioural analysis of Eurycantha calcarata.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 121(1456-59): 227-234.
Kleinhout J. (1972) “On the so-called catalepsy of phasmids.” Dtsch Entomol. Z. 19(4/5): 331-333.
Maldonado H. (1970) “The deimatic reaction in the praying mantis Stagmatoptera biocellata.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 68: 60-71.
Mangelsdorf A.J. (1926) “Colour and sex in the Indian walking stick Dixippus morosus.” Psyche 33: 151-155.
Meinwald J. – Chadha M.S. – Hurst J.J. – Eisner T. (1962) “Defence mechanisms of arthropods IX Anisomorphal, the secretion of a phasmid insect.” Tetrahedron Lett. 1: 29-33.
Nosil P. – Crespi B.J. – Sandoval C.P. (2002) “Host-plant adaptation drives the parallel evolution of reproductive isolation.” Nature 417(6887): 440-443.
Pantel J. – de Sinéty R. (1918) “Réaction chromatique et non chromatique de quelques phasmidés.” Bulletin Biologique 52: 177-283.
Pieron H. (1910) “Le rythme des attitudes mimétiques chez un Phasmide, le Carausius morosus.” Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.: 193 – 196.
Rabozzi M.L.– Dazzini M.V. (1972) “Ricerche sulle ghiandole del protorace di Sipyloidea sipylus.” Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 104: 50-57.
Robinson M.H. (1968) “The defensive behaviour of the Javanese stick insect Orxines macklotti with a note on the startle display of Metriotes diocles.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 104: 46-54.
Robinson M.H. (1969) “Defences against visually hunting predators” in: Dobzhansky-Hecht-Steere “Evolutionary biology” 3: 225-259 North Holland Publishing company, Amsterdam.
Roth H.L. (1916) “Observations on the growth and habits of the stick insect Carausius morosus, intended as a contribution towards a knowledge of variation in an organism which reproduces itself by the parthenogenetic method.” Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3-4): 345-386.
Ruprecht R. (1971) “Bewegungs- Mimikry bei Carausius morosus.” Experientia 27: 1437-1438.
Schneider C.O. (1934) “Las emanaciones del chinchemayo Paradoxomorpha crassa.” Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 38: 44-46.
Scudder S.H. (1876) “Odoriferous glands in Phasmidae.” Psyche 1: 137-140.
Sivinski J. (1980) “The effects of mating on predation in the stick insect Diapheromera veliei Walsh.” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73(5): 553-556.
Smith R.M. – Brophy J.J. – Cavill G.W.K. – Davies N.W. (1979) “Iridodials and nepetalactone in the defensive secretion of the Coconut stick insects Graffea crouanii.” J. Chem. Ecol. 5(5): 727-735.
Stewart M.A. (1937) “Phasmid injury to the human eye.” Can. Ent. 69: 84-86.
Strong L. (1975) “Defence glands in the giant spiny phasmid Extatosoma tiaratum.” J. Ent. (A) 50: 65-72.
Talbot G. (1920) “A contribution to our knowledge of the life history of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Trans. Ent. Soc. London (1-2): 285-304.
Wagner A.M.R. (1955) “Biological notes on Megacrania wegneri and M. alpheus.” Treubia 23: 47-52.
Whiting M. F. – Bradler S. – Maxwell T. (2003) “Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects.” Nature 421(6920): 264-267.

FISIOLOGIA, EMBRIOLOGIA E GENETICA

Bart A. (1971) “Modalités de formation et de développement d’un centre morphogénétique surnuméraire chez Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 168: 97-124.
Bart A. (1971) “Morphogenèse surnuméraire au niveau da la patte du phasme Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 166: 331-364.
Bart A. (1972) “Morphogenèse provoquée par une discontinuité proximo-distale au niveau de la patte de Carausius morosus Br. I. Associations de niveaux différenciés.” Arch. Biol.83: 129-166.
Berthold G. – Seifert G. (1977) “Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Wanderung der Pigment-Granula beim physiologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Ent. Germ. 3(4): 303-315.
Bouchard – Hsiung – Yaylayan (1997) “Chemical analysis of defence secretions of Sipyloidea sipylus and their potential use as repellents against rats.” J. Chem. Ecol. 23(8): 2049-2057.
Bullini L. – Bullini B.A. (1971) “Ricerche sulla riproduzione e sul corredo cromosomico del fasmide Clonopsis gallica.” Lincei Rend. Sc. Fis. Mat. e Nat 51: 563-568 ill.
Cavallin M. (1970) “Développement embryonnaire de l’appareil génital chez le phasme Carausius morosus.” Bull. Biol. France et Belgique 104: 343-366.
Chow Y.S. – Lin Y.M. (1986) “Actidine, a defensive secretion of stick insect, Megacrania alpheus.” J. Entomol. Sci. 21 (2): 97-101.
Fournier B. (1973) “Contribution a l’étude quantitative de la regeneration des pattes chez l’embryon du phasme Carausius morosus.“ Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 114(4): 627-652.
Griffin D.R. (1973) “Struttura e funzione degli animali” Zanichelli Editore 1973 Bologna.
Hanzely L. – Schjeide O.A. (1984) “Oocyte maturation in the stick insect: ultrastructural and biochemical aspects.” Cytobios 41(163-164): 135-150.
Ho H.Y. – Chow Y.S. (1993) “Chemical identification of defensive secretion of stick insect, Megacrania tsudai.” J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 39-46.
Huddart H. (1972) “Fine structure of the neural fat-body sheath in the stick insect and its physiological significance.” J. Exp. Zool. (179): 145-150.
Lane J.N. – Treherne J.E. (1971) “The distribution of the neural fat body sheath and the accessibility of the extraneural space in the stick insect, Carausius morosus.” Tissue&Cell 3(4): 589-603.
Louvet J.P. (1973) “L’ultrastructure du pleuropode et son ontogenèse, chez l’embryon du phasme Carausius morosus Br. I: Etude du pleuropode de l’embryon âgé.” Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris, 15(4): 525-594.
Mosti P. – Scali V. (1975) “Osservazioni sul corredo cromosomico di Bacillus rossius.” Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 59(5): 537-545.
Mouton J. (1969) “Données histochimiques sur la neurosécrétion de Carausius morosus.” Soc. Belg. Endocrinol. 839-851.
Pflugfelder O. (1969) “Effects of the implantation of supernumerary corpora allata on the development of the oocytes in Carausius morosus.” Wilhelm Roux Arch. 164: 182-198.
Pijnacker L.P. – Diephuis L.J. (1970) “Polarity and simmetry in composite oocytes of Carausius morosus.” Experientia (26): 434-435.
Pijnacker L.P. (1971) “Effects of X-rays on different meiotic stages of oocytes in parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus.” Mutat. Res. (13): 251-262.
Pilcher D.E. (1970) “Hormonal control of the Malpighian tubules of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Exp. Biol. 52: 653-665
Raabe M. – Demarti-Lachaise F. (1973) “Etude de l’action des organes périsympathiques sur la protéinémie du Phasme Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 277(19): 2037-2040.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. – Mazzini M. – Nascetti G. – Bullini L. (1987) “Intraspecific ootaxonomy of Bacillus rossius (Rossi).” Boll. Zool. 54(1): 41-47.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. (1989) “Updating of systematics and speciation mechanisms of Bacillus.” Boll. Zool. 56(1): 87-98.
Scali V. – Mosti P. (1975) “Riarrangiamenti cromosomici in Bacillus rossius dell’isola del Giglio.” Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 59(5): 493-498.
Scali V. – Pellicciari C. – Montanelli E. – Bernocchi G. (1980) “Nuclear classes and feulgen-DNA contents of midgut epithelial cells in a Phasmid.” Biol. Cellulaire 37(1): 05-12.
Scali V. (1969) “Cytological observations on embryonic development in Bacillus rossius.“ Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. 46: 486-492.
Schofield P.K. (1979) “Ionic permeability of the blood-brain barrier system of an insect, Carausius morosus.” J. Exp. Biol. 82: 385-388.
Smith R.M. – Brophy J.J. – Cavill G.W.K. – Davies N.W. (1979) “Iridodials and nepetalactone in the defensive secretion of the Coconut stick insects Graffea crouanii.” J. Chem. Ecol. 5(5): 727-735.
Socha R. – Gelbic I. (1973) “Stages in differentiation of ovarian development in Dixippus morosus as revealed by juvenoids.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 70(5): 303-312.
Socha R. (1974) “The action of juvenoids on metamorphosis, gonadal development and blood proteins pattern in Dixippus morosus.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 71(1): 01-10.
Warthen J.D. – Uebel E.C. – Lusby W.R. – Adler V.E. (1981) “The cuticular lipids of the walking stick Diapheromera femorata.” Insect. Biochem. 11 (4): 467-472.
Weidler D.J. – Diecke F.P.J. (1969) “The regulation of sodium ions in the central nervous system of the herbivorous insect Carausius morosus.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 67: 160-178.
Weidler D.J. – Diecke F.P.J. (1969) “The role of cations in conduction in the central nervous system of the herbivorous insect Carausius morosus.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 64: 372-399.

FUGHE INDESIDERATE

Brock P.D. (1998) “New records of alien stick insects” Phasmid studies 7(2): 39-40.

MOVIMENTO, VISIONE E ORIENTAMENTO

Bassler U. (1971) “Zur Bedeutung der Antennen für die Wahrnehmung der Schwerkraftrichtung bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” Kybernetik 9: 31-34.
Bassler U. (1972) “Zur Beeinflussung der Bewegungsweise eines Beines von Carausius morosus durch Amputation anderer Beine.” Kybernetik 10: 110-114.
Bassler U. (1977) “Sensory control of leg movement in the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Biol. Cybernetics 25(2): 61-72.
Berthold G. – Buckmann D. (1975) “Morphologischer Farbwechsel und kynurensaure-exkretion bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. 100(4): 347-350.
Cruse H. (1976) “Die Funktion der Beine einer auf einer horizontalen Ebene laufenden Stabheuschrecke (Carausius morosus).” Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges 69: 249.
Cruse H. (1976) “The control of body position in the stick insect (Carausius morosus) when walking over uneven surfaces”. Biol. Cybernetics 24(1): 25-33.
Cruse H. (1976) “The function of the legs in the free walking stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. 112(2): 235-262.
Dean J. – Wendler G. (1983) “Stick insect locomotion on a walking wheel: interleg coordination of leg position.“ J. Exp. Biol. 103: 75-94.
Dean J. – Wendler G. (1984) “Stick insect locomotion on a wheel: patterns of stopping and starting.“ J. Exp. Biol. 110: 203-216.
Fischer H. – Schmidt J. – Haas R. – Buschges A. (2001) “Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. I. Coordination of motor activity.” J. Neurophysiol. 85: 341-353.
Foth E. – Graham D. (1983) “Influence of loading parallel to the body axis on the walking coordination of an insect. 1. Ipsilateral effects.” Biol. Cyber. 47(1): 17-23
Godden D. – Goldsmith T.H. (1972) “Photo-inhibition of a arousal in the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 76: 135-145.
Graham D. (1977) “Simulation of a model for coordination of the leg movement in free walking insects.” Biol. Cyber. 26(4): 187-198.
Graham D. (1977) “The effect of amputation and leg restraint of the free walking coordination of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. A. 116(1): 91-116.
Graham D. (1983) “Insects are both impeded and propelled by their legs during walking.” J. Exp. Biol. 104: 129-137.
Jander R. – Volk – Heinrichs I. (1970) “Das strauch-spezifische visuelle perceptor-system der Stabheuschrecke.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 70: 425-447.
Jander R. (1971) “Visual pattern recognition and directional orientation in insects.” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 188: 5-11.
Ruprecht R. (1971) “Bewegungs-Mimikry bei Carausius morosus.” Experientia 27: 1437-1438.
Schmidt J. – Fischer H. – Buschges A. (2001) “Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. II: Control of motoneural activity.” J. Neurophysiol. 85: 354-361.

OPERE GENERICHE

AA. VV. (1961) “Encyclopaedia britannica.” Londra.
AA. VV. (1964) “Conoscere.” Fratelli Fabbri Editori, Milano.
AA. VV. (1971) “Enciclopedia de ciencias naturales.” Editorial Bruguera, Barcellona.
AA. VV. (1972-1983) “London zoo guide.” Zoological Society of London.
AA. VV. (1972) “Il grande libro degli animali.” Selezione dal Reader’s Digest, Milano.
AA. VV. (1975) “Enciclopedia safari”. Rizzoli Mailing, Milano.
AA. VV. (1982) “Zoo parade.” Edizioni Panini, Modena.
AA. VV. (1988) “Nuova enciclopedia delle scienze Garzanti.” Garzanti Editore, Milano.
AA. VV. (1995) “Flora e fauna d’Europa, le trecento specie che ognuno dovrebbe conoscere.” Editoria Elettronica Editel, Milano.
AA. VV. (1995) “Il mondo degli animali.” EDIS Figurine, Torino.
AA. VV. (1997) “Les insectes.” Arnaud, Paris.
AA. VV.(1973) “La grande enciclopedia della natura.” Garzanti Editore, Milano.
Attenbourgh D. (1987) “La vita sulla terra.” Selezione dal Reader’s Digest, Milano.
Bedford G.O. (1978) “Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea.” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 23: 125-149.
Bergamin D. (1973) “The land and wildlife of Australasia.” Time – Life international, Nederland.
Brian L. (1934) “Le meraviglie del mondo animale.” S.A.A.P, Genova.
Cagnolaro L. (1992) “Il museo civico di storia naturale di Milano.” Giunti Editore, Firenze.
Carlberg U. (1983) “Vandrande pinnar och vandrande blad, en översikt”. Ent. Tìdskr. 104: 66-74.
Carr A. (1973) “The land and wildlife of Africa.” Time – Life international, Nederland.
Chinery M. (1985) “Guida alla natura d’Italia e d’Europa.” Idealibri, Milano.
Chopard L. (1938) “La biologie des orthoptères.” Paul Lechevalier, Parigi.
Della Beffa G. (1947) “Scienze naturali.” SEI, Torino.
Durrel G. – Durrel L. (1983) “Guida del naturalista.” Arnoldo Mondadori editore, Milano.
Emery C. (1929) “Compendio di zoologia.” Cappelli editore, Bologna.
Farb P. (1972) “The insects.” Time – Life international, Nederland.
Fontana P. – Buzzetti F.M. – Cogo A. – Odé B. (2002) “Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio di Cavallette, Grilli, Mantidi e Insetti affini del Veneto. Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina”. Museo Archeologico Naturalistico di Vicenza Ed. Vicenza.
Griffin D.R. (1973) “Struttura e funzione degli animali” Zanichelli Editore 1973 Bologna.
Grimaldi D. – Engel M.S. (2005) “Evolution of the insects.” Cambridge University press, New York.
Issel A. – Gestro R. (1883) “Manuale del naturalista viaggiatore.” Hoepli editore, Milano.
Klots A. – Klots E. (1965) “Il libro degli insetti.” Arnoldo Mondadori editore, Milano.
Lattes Coifmann I. (1983) “Animali.” Rizzoli, Milano.
Mayes S. (2000) “Piccoli e perfetti.” APE, Milano.
Mound L. – Brooks S. (1996) “Insetti.” Arnoldo Mondadori editore, Milano.
Perrier R. (1918) “Zoologie.” Masson Editeurs, Paris.
Preston-Mafham Ken (2000) “Grasshoppers and mantids of the world” Blandford London.
Ritchie J. (1953) “Thomson’s outlines of zoology.” University press, Oxford.
Seow Choen F. (2005) “Phasmids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.” Natural History Publications (Borneo) Kota Kinabalu.
Servadei – Zangheri – Masutti (1972) “Entomologia generale ed applicata.” CEDAM, Padova.
Tadini G. (1945) “Il mondo animale.” La Prora, Milano.
Vaccari L. (1925) “Come vivono gli animali.” Lattes, Torino.
Villiers A. (1979) “Initiation a l’entomologie. Tome I.” Société nouvelle des éditions Boubée, Parigi.
Vogt C. – Brehm A.E. (1970) “Vita e storia degli animali.” Editrice italiana di cultura Roma.
Zanetti A. (1985) “Il mondo degli insetti.” Arnoldo Mondadori editore, Milano.
Zangheri P. (1981) “Il naturalista esploratore, raccoglitore, preparatore, imbalsamatore.” HOEPLI editore, Milano.
Zullini A. (1987) “Il libro dell’etologia.” Bompiani Editore, Milano.

ORIGINE ED EVOLUZIONE

Berendt G.C. (1845-1856) “Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt” vol. 1-2, 374 pp. Berlin.
Birket Smith S.J.R. (1981) “A wing of Phasmida from the Cretaceous period.” Entomol. Scand. 12 (2): 245-249.
Chopard L. (1938) “La Biologie des Orthoptères” Paul Lechevalier éditeur 1938 Parigi.
Crespi B.J. – Sandoval C.P. (2000) “Phylogenetic evidence for the evolution of ecological specialization in Tinema walking-sticks.” J. Evol. Biol. 13(2): 249-262.
Germar E.F. – Berendt G.C. (1856) “Die im Bernstein befindlichen Hemipteren und Orthopteren der Vorwelt” In Berendt G.C.: “Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt” 2(1) 110 pp. Berlin.
Grimaldi D. (1996) “Amber, window to the past” 216 pp. New York, Harry N. Abrams.
Grimaldi D. (1999) “The co-radiations of pollinating insects and angiosperms in the Cretaceous” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 373-406.
Grimaldi D. – Engel M.S. (2005) “Evolution of the insects.” Cambridge University press, New York.
Handlirsch A. (1908) “Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen” In Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen W. Engelmann Leipzig 1908.
Handlirsch A. (1925) “Paläontologie” In Schröder Handbuch der Entomologie III cap.VII pag. 117-306.
Jeannel R. (1979) “Paléontologie et peuplement de la terre” Société nouvelle des éditions Boubée 1979 Parigi.
Padoa E. (1971) “Storia della vita sulla terra. L’evoluzione degli animali a delle piante” Feltrinelli Editore 1971 Milano.
Whiting M. F. – Bradler S. – Maxwell T. (2003) “Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects.” Nature 421(6920): 264-267.

RIPRODUZIONE

Bergerard J. (1975)“Action de la température sur la détermination et la différenciation sexuelle des insectes.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 100(1): 85-94.
Bonnet M. (1931) “Influence de l’éclairement et de la température sur l’éclosion et le développement larvaire de Carausius morosus.” Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. 65: 407-437.
Bullini L. – Bullini B.A. (1971) “Ricerche sulla riproduzione e sul corredo cromosomico del fasmide Clonopsis gallica.” Lincei Rend. Sc. Fis. Mat. e Nat 51: 563-568 ill.
Carlberg U. (1981a.) “Development period of eggs of a Baculum species.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 118(1400-1403): 31-34.
Carlberg U. (1981b.) “Spermatophores of Baculum extradentatum and other Phasmida.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 118(1404-1407): 125-127.
Carlberg U. (1981c.) “Defensive behaviour in adult female Extatosoma tiaratum.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 116: 133-138.
Carlberg U. (1983) “A review of the different types of egglaying in the Phasmida in relation to the shape of eggs and with a discussion on their taxonomic importance.” Biol. Zbl. 105: 587-602.
Carlberg U. (1984) “Oviposition behaviour in the Australian stick insect Extatosoma tiaratum.” Experientia 40: 888-889.
Carlberg U. (1989) “Aspects of evolution and ecology behaviour in relation to defecation and oviposition behaviour of Extatosoma tiaratum.” Fauna norv. Ser. B 36: 67-68.
Cavallin M. (1970) “Développement embryonnaire de l’appareil génital chez le phasme Carausius morosus.” Bull. Biol. France et Belgique 104: 343-366.
Chopard L. (1938) “La Biologie des Orthoptères” Paul Lechevalier éditeur 1938 Parigi.
Clark J.T. (1974) “A conspicuous spermatophore in the phasmid Extatosoma tiaratum (MacLeay).”Entomol. Mon. Mag. 110(1319-1321): 81-82
Clark J.T. (1979) “A key to the eggs of stick and leaf insects.” Systematic Entomology 4: 325-331.
Foucher G. (1916) “Etudes biologiques sur quelques orthoptères.” Extrait du Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclim. Fr. Neuilly-sur-Seine Paris.
Gangrade G.A. (1963) “A contribution to the biology of Necroscia sparaxes.” Entomologist 96: 83-93.
Hanzely L. – Schjeide O.A. (1984) “Oocyte maturation in the stick insect: ultrastructural and biochemical aspects.” Cytobios 41(163-164): 135-150.
Hetrick L.A. (1949a.) “The oviposition of the two-striped walking stick Anisomorpha buprestoides.” Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 51: 103-104.
Hetrick L.A. (1949b.) “Field notes on a colour variation of the two-striped walking stick Anisomorpha buprestoides.” Proc. Fl. Ent. 32: 74-77.
Larink O. (1978) “Die Eisschalen-Struktur der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Ent. Germ. 4(2): 133-139.
Lavialle M. – Dumortier B.M. (1975) “Mise en évidence de deux caractères inhabituels dans les rythmes circadiens: existence d’un photorécepteur extra-oculaire et particularités du libre cours dans le rythme de ponte du phasme Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 281(20): 1489-1492.
Le Fauvre W.P. (1939) “A phasmid with spermatophore.” Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London (A) 14: 24.
Mazzini M. – Nascetti G. – Bullini L. (1982) “The egg of the stick-insect Bacillus atticus caprai Nascetti & Bullini: a scanning electron microscope study.” Monitore Zool. Ital. (N.S.) 16(1): 93-103.
Mazzini M. – Scali V. (1980) “Ultrastructure and amino acid analysis of the eggs of the stick insects Lonchodes pterodactylus and Carausius morosus.” Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embriol. 9: 369-382.
Miller N.C.E. (1939) “Oviposition by Heteropteryx dilatatus.” Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London (A) 14: 24.
Mouton J. (1971) “Influence de la neurosecretion sur la reproduction du phasme Carausius morosus.” Ann. Endocrinol. 32: 709-710.
Nakata S. (1961) “Some notes on the occurrence of Phasmatodea in Oceania.” Pac. Ins. Monogr. 2: 107-121.
Pflugfelder O. (1969) “Effects of the implantation of supernumerary corpora allata on the development of the oocytes in Carausius morosus.” Wilhelm Roux Arch. 164: 182-198.
Pijnacker L.P. (1969) “Automictic parthenogenesis in the stick insect Bacillus rossius.” Genetica (40): 393-399.
Pijnacker L.P. (1971) “Effects of X-rays on different meiotic stages of oocytes in parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus.“ Mutat. Res. (13): 251-262.
Pijnacker L.P. (1971) “The origin of abnormal micropyle apparatus of eggs of Carausius morosus Br.“ Netherlands Journal of Zoology 21(3): 366-372.
Rapp G. (1995) “Eggs of the stick insect Graffea crouanii. Mortality after exposure to natural enemies and high temperature.” J. Appl. Entomol. 119(2): 89-91.
Roth H.L. (1916) “Observations on the growth and habits of the stick insect Carausius morosus, intended as a contribution towards a knowledge of variation in an organism which reproduces itself by the parthenogenetic method.” Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3-4): 345-386.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. – Mazzini M. – Nascetti G. – Bullini L. (1987) “Intraspecific ootaxonomy of Bacillus rossius (Rossi).” Boll. Zool. 54(1): 41-47.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. (1989) “Updating of systematics and speciation mechanisms of Bacillus.” Boll. Zool. 56(1): 87-98.
Scali V. – Mosti P. (1975) “Riarrangiamenti cromosomici in Bacillus rossius dell’isola del Giglio.” Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 59(5): 493-498.
Scali V. (1968) “Biologia riproduttiva del Bacillus rossius nei dintorni di Pisa con particolare riferimento all’influenza del fotoperiodo.” Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat. Mem. Serie B 75: 108-139.
Scali V. (1969) “Cytological observations on embryonic development in Bacillus rossius.“ Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. 46: 486-492.
Scali V. (1982) “Gli insetti stecco italiani.” Natura e Montagna 1: 41-52.
Seely J.A. – Asquith A. – Zegers G.P. (1991) “Size-related fecundity and assortative mating in Diapheromera veliei.” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 84(3): 283-286.
Sellick C.J.T. (1997) “Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure.” Systematic Entomology 22: 97-122.
Sellick C.J.T. (1997) “The range of egg capsule morphology within the Phasmatodea and its relevance to the taxonomy of the order.” Ital. J. Zool. 64: 97-104.
Severin H.P. – Severin H.C. (1913) “The effect of temperature on the moulting of the walking stick Diapheromera femorata.” Entomological news 24: 14-19.
Severin H.P. (1910) “A study on the structure of the egg of the walking stick Diapheromera femorata and the biological significance of the resemblance of phasmid eggs to seeds.” Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 3(2): 83-92.
Severin H.P. (1910) “The effect of moisture and dryness on the emergence from the egg of the walking stick Diapheromera femorata.” J. Econ. Entomol. 3: 479-481.
Silander J.A. – Fox L.R. – Trenbath B.R. (1985) “The ecological importance of insect frass: allelopathy in eucalyptus.” Oecologia 67: 118-120.
Sivinski J. – Lloyd J.E. (1978) “Photo story. A living chastity belt?” Florida Entomol. 61(1): 34.
Socha R. – Gelbic I. (1973) “Stages in differentiation of ovarian development in Dixippus morosus as revealed by juvenoids.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 70(5): 303-312.
Socha R. (1974) “The action of juvenoids on metamorphosis, gonadal development and blood proteins pattern in Dixippus morosus.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 71(1): 01-10.
Thomas A. – Guillaumin D. (1981) “Un aspect inattendu de la fonction protectrice du chorion: l’oeuf de Carausius morosus reste viable après observation au microscope électronique a balayage.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 106(4): 483-486.
Thomas A. (1971) “Le contrôle neuroendocrine de l’ovoposition chez Carausius morosus.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 96: 369-370.
Thomas A. (1972) “Mécanismes du contrôle de l’ovoposition chez Carausius morosus Br.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 274: 571-574.
Toumanoff C. – Zernoff V. (1931) “Expériences et observations sur l’éclosion des oeuf de Carausius morosus.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 55: 510-516.
Toumanoff C. (1930) “Sur la ponte de Carausius morosus et action de différents facteurs sur celle-ci.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 55: 501-509.
Vandel A. (1931) “La Parthénogénèse” Encyclopédie scientifique. Doin ed. Paris.
Wegner A.M.R. (1955) “Biological notes on Megacrania wegneri and M.alpheus.” Treubia 23: 47-52.

SPECIE EUROPEE E MEDITERRANEE

AA. VV. (1997) “Gli insetti di Roma.” Fratelli Palombi Editori, Roma.
Agostini N. – Scali V. (1989) “Segnalazione di nuove stazioni italiane di Bacillus atticus Brunner 1882: Isole Tremiti, Gargano e Sicilia.” Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 121(1): 10-12.
Brock P.D. (1991) “Stick insects of Britain, Europe and the Mediterranean.” Fitzgerald Publishing London.
Bullini L. – Bullini B.A. (1971) “Ricerche sulla riproduzione e sul corredo cromosomico del fasmide Clonopsis gallica.” Lincei Rend. Sc. Fis. Mat. e Nat 51: 563-568 ill.
Clark J.T. (1976) “A note on the European species of Bacillus latreille with a description of the eggs.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 112(1340-1343): 63-64.
Failla M.C. – La Greca M. – Lombardo F. – Messina A. – Scali V. – Stefani R. – Vigna Taglianti A. (1994) “Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embioptera.” In: Minellia., Ruffo S.& La Posta S. (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 38 Calderini, Bologna.
Fontana P. – Buzzetti F.M. – Cogo A. – Odé B. (2002) “Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio di Cavallette, Grilli, Mantidi e Insetti affini del Veneto. Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina”. Museo Archeologico Naturalistico di Vicenza Ed. Vicenza.
Lelong P. (1991) “Une cage pour l’élevage des phasmes européens.” Le Monde Des Phasmes 14: 08-13.
Lelong P. (1992) “Cartographie des trois espèces françaises.” Le Monde Des Phasmes 18: 16-17.
Lelong P. (1994) “Cartographie des espèces françaises.” Le Monde Des Phasmes 25: 24-26.
Mazzini M. – Nascetti G. – Bullini L. (1982) “The egg of the stick-insect Bacillus atticus caprai Nascetti&Bullini: a scanning electron microscope study.” Monitore Zool. Ital. (N.S.) 16(1): 93-103.
Mosti P. – Scali V. (1975) “Osservazioni sul corredo cromosomico di Bacillus rossius.” Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 59(5): 537-545.
Pijnacker L.P. (1969) “Automictic parthenogenesis in the stick insect Bacillus rossius.” Genetica (40): 393-399.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. – Mazzini M. – Nascetti G. – Bullini L. (1987) “Intraspecific ootaxonomy of Bacillus rossius (Rossi).” Boll. Zool. 54(1): 41-47.
Scali V. – Mantovani B. (1989) “Updating of systematics and speciation mechanisms of Bacillus.” Boll. Zool. 56(1): 87-98.
Scali V. – Mosti P. (1975) “Riarrangiamenti cromosomici in Bacillus rossius dell’isola del Giglio.” Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. 59(5): 493-498.
Scali V. – Pellicciari C. – Montanelli E. – Bernocchi G. (1980) “Nuclear classes and feulgen-DNA contents of midgut epithelial cells in a Phasmid.” Biol. Cellulaire 37(1): 05-12.
Scali V. (1968) “Biologia riproduttiva del Bacillus rossius nei dintorni di Pisa con particolare riferimento all’influenza del fotoperiodo.” Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat. Mem. Serie B 75: 108-139.
Scali V. (1969) “Cytological observations on embryonic development in Bacillus rossius.“ Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rend. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. e Nat. 46: 486-492.
Scali V. (1982) “Gli insetti stecco italiani.” Natura e Montagna 1: 41-52.

TASSONOMIA

Bradler S. (1999) “The vomer of Timema Scudder, 1895 and its significance for phasmatodean phylogeny.” Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 215: 43-47.
Bradler S. (2003) “Phasmatodea, Gespenstschrecken.” 251-261. In: Dathe H.H. (ed.) Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. 5. Teil: Insecta. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag; Heidelberg, Germany.
Bradley J.C. – Galil B.S. (1977) “The taxonomic arrangement of Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes.” Proceedings of the Entomological Society Washington 79: 176-208.
Chopard L. (1938) “La biologie des orthoptères.” Paul Lechevalier Parigi.
Clark – Sellick (1997) “Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule with an extended key to the phasmid genera, based on egg structure.” Systematic Entomology 22(2): 97-122.
Clark J.T. (1975) “A key to the subfamilies of Phasmida.” Entomologist’s record 87(4): 104-107.
Clark J.T. (1979) “A key to eggs of stick and leaf insects.” Systematic Entomol. 4: 325-331.
Conle O.V. – Hennemann F.H. (2002) “Revision neotropischer Phasmatodea: Die Tribus Anisomorphini sensu Bradley & Galil 1977” SPIXIANA, Supplement 28, München.
Failla M.C. – La Greca M. – Lombardo F. – Messina A. – Scali V. – Stefani R. – Vigna Taglianti A. (1994) “Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embioptera.” In: Minellia., Ruffo S.& La Posta S. (eds.) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 38 Calderini, Bologna.
Fontana P. – Buzzetti F.M. – Cogo A. – Odé B. (2002) “Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio di Cavallette, Grilli, Mantidi e Insetti affini del Veneto. Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina”. Museo Archeologico Naturalistico di Vicenza Ed. Vicenza.
Grimaldi D. – Engel M.S. (2005) “Evolution of the insects.” Cambridge University press, New York.
Kristensen N.P. (1975) “The phylogeny of hexapod "orders". A critical review of recent accounts.” Zeitschrift Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 13: 1-44.
Rehn J.A.G. (1904) “Studies in the Orthopterous Family Phasmidae.” Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 56: 38-107.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Sellick C.J.T. (1997) “Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure.” Systematic Entomology 22: 97-122.
Sellick C.J.T. (1997) “The range of egg capsule morphology within the Phasmatodea and its relevance to the taxonomy of the order.” Ital. J. Zool. 64: 97-104.
Tilgner E. – Kiselyova T.G. – McHugh J.V. (1999) “A morphological study of Timema cristinae Vickery with implications for the phylogenetics of Phasmida.” Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 46: 149-162.
Zompro O. (2004) “Revision of the genera of the Anareolatae, including the status of Timema and Agatamera.” Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler.

ULTERIORI LETTURE

Delfini M. (1998) “La vita segreta degli insetti.” Franco Muzzio Editore, Padova.
Disney W. (1986) “A nozze tra teste coronate.” Arnoldo Mondadori editore, Milano.
Innocenti A. (1996) “Un mondo di invertebrati.” Franco Muzzio Editore, Padova.
Michelet J. (1982) “L’insetto.” Rizzoli, Milano.
Milne L.J. – Milne M. (1983) “I mondi degli insetti.” Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli, Milano.

VARIE

Jolivet P. (1971) “A propos des insectes «à boissons» et des insectes «à sauce».” L’Entomologiste 27: 01-02.
Nikulin A.A. (1969) “Review of the Orthopterous insects from the central and eastern Ciscaucasus.” Entomologie de l’URSS 48: 774-786.

SPECIE TRATTATE NELLE SCHEDE DI ALLEVAMENTO

Carausius morosus (Sinéty, 1901)

Alderton D. (1992) “A step by step book about stick insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Atzlerova M. (1931) “Untersuchungen über den morphologischen und physiologischen Farbwechsel von Carausius morosus.” Ztschr. f. vergl. Physiol. 13: 505-533.
Bart A. (1971) “Modalités de formation et de développement d’un centre morphogénétique surnuméraire chez Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 168: 97-124.
Bart A. (1971) “Morphogenèse surnuméraire au niveau da la patte du phasme Carausius morosus Br.” Wilhelm Roux’ Archiv. 166: 331-364.
Bart A. (1972) “Morphogenèse provoquée par une discontinuité proximo-distale au niveau de la patte de Carausius morosus Br. I. Associations de niveaux différenciés.” Arch. Biol.83: 129-166.
Bassler U. (1971) “Zur Bedeutung der Antennen für die Wahrnehmung der Schwerkraftrichtung bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” Kybernetik 9: 31-34.
Bassler U. (1972) “Zur Beeinflussung der Bewegungsweise eines Beines von Carausius morosus durch Amputation anderer Beine.” Kybernetik 10: 110-114.
Bassler U. (1977) “Sensory control of leg movement in the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Biol. Cybernetics 25(2): 61-72.
Bedford G.O. (1978) “Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea.” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 23: 125-149.
Berthold G. – Buckmann D. (1975) “Morphologischer Farbwechsel und kynurensaure-exkretion bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. 100(4): 347-350.
Berthold G. – Seifert G. (1977) “Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Wanderung der Pigment-Granula beim physiologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Ent. Germ. 3(4): 303-315.
Bonnet M. (1931) “Influence de l’éclairement et de la température sur l’éclosion et le développement larvaire de Carausius morosus.” Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. 65: 407-437.
Brecher L. (1935) “Präinduzierte Veränderungen der Lichtreaktionsschwelle für die Färbung des Carausius morosus Br. und Redt.” Anz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 72: 167.
Brock P.D. (1985) “The Phasmid rearer’s handbook.” The amateur entomologist (20).
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Buhler M. (2000) “Carausius morosus (Sinety 1901), Indische Stabheuschrecke.” Arthropoda 8(1): 15-16
Byron M.S. (1998) “How to keep stick insects.” Fitzgerald Publishing London.
Cavallin M. (1970) “Développement embryonnaire de l’appareil génital chez le phasme Carausius morosus.” Bull. Biol. France et Belgique 104: 343-366.
Chopard L. (1938) “La biologie des orthoptères.” Paul Lechevalier Parigi.
Clark J.T. (1976) “A male of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 112(1344-1347): 139-143.
Clarke D. (2000) “Keeping creepy crawlies.” Harper Collins Publisher London.
Cruse H. (1976) “Die Funktion der Beine einer auf einer horizontalen Ebene laufenden Stabheuschrecke (Carausius morosus).” Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges 69: 249.
Cruse H. (1976) “The control of body position in the stick insect (Carausius morosus) when walking over uneven surfaces”. Biol. Cybernetics 24(1): 25-33.
Cruse H. (1976) “The function of the legs in the free walking stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. 112(2): 235-262.
Dean J. – Wendler G. (1983) “Stick insect locomotion on a walking wheel: interleg coordination of leg position.“ J. Exp. Biol. 103: 75-94.
Dean J. – Wendler G. (1984) “Stick insect locomotion on a wheel: patterns of stopping and starting.“ J. Exp. Biol. 110: 203-216.
Demart-Lachaise F. – Raabe M. (1974) “Mise en évidence d’une microsporidie entraînant des modifications des protéines sériques chez le Phasme, Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 278(19): 2465-2468.
Dobkiewicz L. (1912) “Einfluss der äußeren Umgebung auf die Färbung der indischen Stabheuschrecken Dixippus morosus.” Biol. Zentralbl. 32: 661-663.
Fischer H. – Schmidt J. – Haas R. – Buschges A. (2001) “Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. I. Coordination of motor activity.” J. Neurophysiol. 85: 341-353.
Foth E. – Graham D. (1983) “Influence of loading parallel to the body axis on the walking coordination of an insect. 1. Ipsilateral effects.” Biol. Cyber. 47(1): 17-23
Fournier B. (1973) “Contribution a l’étude quantitative de la regeneration des pattes chez l’embryon du phasme Carausius morosus.“ Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 114(4): 627-652.
Giersberg H. (1928) “Über den morphologischen und physiologischen Farbwechsel der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” Ztschr. vergl. Physiol. 7: 657-695.
Godden D. – Goldsmith T.H. (1972) “Photo-inhibition of a arousal in the stick insect Carausius morosus.“ Z. Vergl. Physiol. 76: 135-145.
Graham D. (1977) “Simulation of a model for coordination of the leg movement in free walking insects.” Biol. Cyber. 26(4): 187-198.
Graham D. (1977) “The effect of amputation and leg restraint of the free walking coordination of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Comp. Physiol. A. 116(1): 91-116.
Graham D. (1983) “Insects are both impeded and propelled by their legs during walking.” J. Exp. Biol. 104: 129-137.
Hanzely L. – Schjeide O.A. (1984) “Oocyte maturation in the stick insect: ultrastructural and biochemical aspects.” Cytobios 41(163-164): 135-150.
Holopainen J.K. – Kainulainen E. – Hanninen O. (1991) “Palatability of herbicide-treated maize to the Indian stick insect (Carausius morosus).” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 36(3-4): 191-197.
Huddart H. (1972) “Fine structure of the neural fat-body sheath in the stick insect and its physiological significance.” J. Exp. Zool. (179): 145-150.
Jander R. – Volk – Heinrichs I. (1970) “Das strauch-spezifische visuelle perceptor-system der Stabheuschrecke.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 70: 425-447.
Jander R. (1971) “Visual pattern recognition and directional orientation in insects.” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 188: 5-11.
Lane J.N. – Treherne J.E. (1971) “The distribution of the neural fat body sheath and the accessibility of the extraneural space in the stick insect, Carausius morosus.” Tissue&Cell 3(4): 589-603.
Larink O. (1978) “Die Eisschalen-Struktur der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.“ Ent. Germ. 4(2): 133-139.
Lassere L. (1979) “Description du mâle de Carausius morosus.” Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. 21: 8.
Lavialle M. – Dumortier B.M. (1975) “Mise en évidence de deux caractères inhabituels dans les rythmes circadiens: existence d’un photorécepteur extra-oculaire et particularités du libre cours dans le rythme de ponte du phasme Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 281(20): 1489-1492.
Louvet J.P. (1973) “L’ultrastructure du pleuropode et son ontogenèse, chez l’embryon du phasme Carausius morosus Br. I: Etude du pleuropode de l’embryon âgé.” Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris, 15(4): 525-594.
Malabotti A. (1934) “Verwandlung von Insekten (Tenebrio molitor L., Vanessa Io L., Vanessa urticae L., Carausius morosus Br.) mit replantierten Köpfen.” Anz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 71: 214-216.
Malabotti A. (1935) “Histologische Untersuchung der Stabheuschrecken (Carausius morosus Br.) mit replantierten Köpfen.” Anz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 72: 168-169.
Mangelsdorf A.J. (1926) “Colour and sex in the Indian walking stick Dixippus morosus.” Psyche 33: 151-155.
Mauser F. (1935) “Synchrone Metamorphose deplantierten Vorderbeine mit dem Wirtstiere Carausius morosus Br. und Redt.” Anz. Ak. Wiss. Wien 72: 168.
Mazzini M. – Scali V. “Ultrastructure and amino acid analysis of the eggs of the stick insects Lonchodes pterodactylus and Carausius morosus.” Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embriol. 9: 369-382.
Meissner O. (1909) “Biologische Beobachtungen an der indischen Stabheuschrecke Dixippus morosus Br.” Ztschr. wiss. Insektenbiol. 5: 14-21; 55-61; 87-95. N.B. tre articoli.
Meissner O. (1911) “Biologische Beobachtungen an Dixippus morosus.” Ent. Ztschr. 25: 131.
Mouton J. (1969) “Données histochimiques sur la neurosécrétion de Carausius morosus.” Soc. Belg. Endocrinol. 839-851.
Mouton J. (1971) “Influence de la neurosecretion sur la reproduction du phasme Carausius morosus.” Ann. Endocrinol. 32: 709-710.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Pflugfelder O. (1969) “Effects of the implantation of supernumerary corpora allata on the development of the oocytes in Carausius morosus.” Wilhelm Roux Arch. 164: 182-198.
Pieron H. (1910) “Le rythme des attitudes mimétiques chez un Phasmide, le Carausius morosus.” Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.: 193-196.
Pijnacker L.P. – Diephuis L.J. (1970) “Polarity and simmetry in composite oocytes of Carausius morosus.” Experientia (26): 434-435.
Pijnacker L.P. (1971) “Effects of X-rays on different meiotic stages of oocytes in parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus.“ Mutat. Res. (13): 251-262.
Pijnacker L.P. (1971) “The origin of abnormal micropyle apparatus of eggs of Carausius morosus Br.“ Netherlands Journal of Zoology 21(3): 366-372.
Pijnacker L.P. – Harbott J. (1981) “Structural heterozygosity and aneuploidy in the parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus Br.” Chromosoma Berl. 76: 165-174.
Pilcher D.E. (1970) “Hormonal control of the Malpighian tubules of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” J. Exp. Biol. 52: 653-665
Priebatsch I. (1933) “Der Einfluss des Lichtes auf Farbwechsel und Phototaxis von Carausius morosus.” Ztschr. vergl. Physiol. 9: 453-488.
Raabe M. – Demarti-Lachaise F. (1973) “Etude de l’action des organes périsympathiques sur la protéinémie du Phasme Carausius morosus.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 277(19): 2037-2040.
Roth H.L. (1916) “Observations on the growth and habits of the stick insect Carausius morosus, intended as a contribution towards a knowledge of variation in an organism which reproduces itself by the parthenogenetic method.” Trans. Ent. Soc. London (3-4): 345-386.
Ruprecht R. (1971) “Bewegungs-Mimikry bei Carausius morosus.” Experientia 27: 1437-1438.
Schmidt J. – Fischer H. – Buschges A. (2001) “Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. II: Control of motoneural activity.” J. Neurophysiol. 85: 354-361.
Schofield P.K. (1979) “Ionic permeability of the blood-brain barrier system of an insect, Carausius morosus.” J. Exp. Biol. 82: 385-388.
Socha R. – Gelbic I. (1973) “Stages in differentiation of ovarian development in Dixippus morosus as revealed by juvenoids.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 70(5): 303-312.
Socha R. (1974) “The action of juvenoids on metamorphosis, gonadal development and blood proteins pattern in Dixippus morosus.” Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 71(1): 01-10.
Talbot G. (1920) “A contribution to our knowledge of the life history of the stick insect Carausius morosus.” Trans. Ent. Soc. London (1-2): 285-304.
Thomas A. – Guillaumin D. (1981) “Un aspect inattendu de la fonction protectrice du chorion: l’oeuf de Carausius morosus reste viable après observation au microscope électronique a balayage.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 106(4): 483-486.
Thomas A. (1971) “Le contrôle neuroendocrine de l’ovoposition chez Carausius morosus.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 96: 369-370.
Thomas A. (1972) “Mécanismes du contrôle de l’ovoposition chez Carausius morosus Br.” C.R. Acad. Sc. Paris 274: 571-574.
Toumanoff C. – Zernoff V. (1931) “Expériences et observations sur l’éclosion des oeuf de Carausius morosus.” Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 55: 510-516.
Toumanoff C. (1931) “Sur la ponte de Carausius morosus Br. et Redt. et action de différents facteurs sur celle-ci.” Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 55: 501-509.
Von Dobkievicz L. (1912) “Einfluss der äufseren Umgebung auf die Färbung der indischen Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus.” Biologisches Zentralblat 32: 661-663.
Weidler D.J. – Diecke F.P.J. (1969) “The regulation of sodium ions in the central nervous system of the herbivorous insect Carausius morosus.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 67: 160-178.
Weidler D.J. – Diecke F.P.J. (1969) “The role of cations in conduction in the central nervous system of the herbivorous insect Carausius morosus.” Z. Vergl. Physiol. 64: 372-399.

Extatosoma tiaratum (Macleay, 1826)

Alderton D. (1992) “A step by step book about stick insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Brock P.D. (1985) “The Phasmid rearer’s handbook.” The amateur entomologist (20).
Brock P.D. (2000) “A complete guide to breeding stick and leaf insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Byron M.S. (1998) “How to keep stick insects.” Fitzgerald Publishing London.
McMonigle O. – Clausen P. (2002) “Ghosts of the trees.” Elytra&Antenna.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Riboni M. – Rocca G. (2005) “Animali insoliti da compagnia.” Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 ORE Edagricole S.r.l. Bologna.
Salemi M. – Tomasinelli F. (2006) “Le mantidi religiose e gli insettistecco.” De Vecchi Editore, Milano.

Medauroidea extradentatus (Brunner, 1907)

Brock P.D. (1985) “The Phasmid rearer’s handbook.” The amateur entomologist (20).
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Carlberg U. (1981) “Spermatophores of Baculum extradentatum and other Phasmida.” Entomol. Mon. Mag. 118(1404-1407): 125-127.
McMonigle O. – Clausen P. (2002) “Ghosts of the trees.” Elytra&Antenna.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Riboni M. – Rocca G. (2005) “Animali insoliti da compagnia.” Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 ORE Edagricole S.r.l. Bologna.

Phaenopharos khaoyaiensis (Zompro, 2000)

Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Seow Choen F. (2005) “Phasmids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.” Natural History Publications (Borneo) Kota Kinabalu.

Phyllium celebicum (De Haan, 1842)

Bedford G.O. (1978) “Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea.” Ann. Rev. Entomol. 23: 125-149.
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Chopard L. (1938) “La biologie des orthoptères.” Paul Lechevalier Parigi.
Clarke D. (2000) “Keeping creepy crawlies.” Harper Collins Publisher London.
Giglio – Tos E. (1914) “Zoological results of the Abor Expedition 1911-12. Orthoptera III: Mantidae et Phasmidae.” Records of the Indian Museum 8, part V (31): 415-423.
Griffini A. (1898) “Intorno al Phyllium geryon Gray.” Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. Comp. Università Torino 312(13): 1-4.
McMonigle O. – Clausen P. (2002) “Ghosts of the trees.” Elytra&Antenna.
Morton W. (1903) “Notes sur l’élevage des Phyllies.” Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 39: 401-407 pl. 3.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Salemi M. – Tomasinelli F. (2006) “Le mantidi religiose e gli insettistecco.” De Vecchi Editore, Milano.

Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859)

Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Seow Choen F. (2005) “Phasmids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.” Natural History Publications (Borneo) Kota Kinabalu.

Ramulus thaii (Hausleithner, 1985)

Brock P.D. (1985) “The Phasmid rearer’s handbook.” The amateur entomologist (20).
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Fritzsche I. (1998) “Freilandbeobachtungen an Phasmiden der Genera Baculum Saussure und Gratidia Stål in Thailand.” Entomologische Zeitschrift 108(4): 170-171.
Fritzsche I. (1999) “Ein Beispiel für die artspezifische Differenzierung eines Habitats in den nördlichen Ausläufern des Khao Yai, Thailand, anhand einiger Phasmiden. ” Entomologische Zeitschrift 109(2): 78-81
Fritzsche I. (1999) “Freilandbeobachtungen an Ramulus thaii (Haus. 1986) bei einsetzendem Regen.” Entomologische Zeitschrift 109(2): 88.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Salemi M. – Tomasinelli F. (2006) “Le mantidi religiose e gli insettistecco.” De Vecchi Editore, Milano.
Viscuso R. – Sottile L. – Narcisi L. (1996) “Ultrastructural and histo-chemical characteristics of the lateral oviductus of Ramulus thaii (Haus).” European Journal of Morphology 34(4): 271-283.

Sipyloidea sipylus (Westwood, 1859)

Alderton D. (1992) “A step by step book about stick insects.” T.F.H. Publications England.
Bouchard – Hsiung – Yaylayan (1997) “Chemical analysis of defence secretions of Sipyloidea sipylus and their potential use as repellents against rats.” J. Chem. Ecol. 23(8): 2049-2057.
Brock P.D. (2003) “Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects.” The amateur entomologist (22).
Byron M.S. (1998) “How to keep stick insects.” Fitzgerald Publishing London.
McMonigle O. – Clausen P. (2002) “Ghosts of the trees.” Elytra&Antenna.
Otte D. – Brock P. (2005) “Phasmida species file.” Insect Diversity Association, Accademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Rabozzi M.L.– Dazzini M.V. (1972) “Ricerche sulle ghiandole del protorace di Sipyloidea sipylus.” Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 104: 50-57.